Teaching Reflection Paper Essay Example for Free

Teaching Reflection Paper EssayTeaching is a unique profession in todays workplace. It is an occupation that will not acquaint you a promotion very easily based on performance. It is also an occupation that rear end be seen as something that is not highly enough reimbursed for the impact it has on the lives of young volume. A teacher needs an tall(prenominal) passion for children/adolescents in order to be an effective educator.The way a teacher runs their classroom has the potential to be a huge part of a students life and an even greater part in the effect the student has on the kids. There ar distinct advantages and disadvantages to the teaching profession. Advantages accommodate working with the children that educators are so passionate about every day and having the chance to meet an incredible count of new people year after year. Some of the disadvantages are, most obviously to the public eye, salary as well as certain students who are apathetic toward learning or p articipating.These pros and cons are exchangeable to those that go along with every profession in this country and they require you to strive for the good meters and work with the bad ones. Working with children every day can be an incredible experience. Most evidently in elementary schools, kids see such a passion for learning. They jazz their teacher, they love school, and they love learning new things so they can go home and tell their parents they learned to multiply today. As the students get older, although it is harder to recognize the passion for learning, the aha moments are that much than more rewarding.There must be no feeling like working through a rough time with a student plot of ground they try and try to work through the conflict and seeing it through until the end. The reward a teacher gets from that moment when you see them completely through the problem they were having is unlike anything most people ever experience in their lives. Most people see it in t heir children but only teachers have the ability to have that same effect on hundreds or thousands of kids over their careers. Salary is certainly an issue in the education profession.It is not fair that people who spend their time shaping students in to the human being they will grow up to be get paid lower than almost all other positions in the country. Outside of people directly affected by these educators, nobody can understand what importance they actually have on the students futures. They can make or break their morals, understanding of respect, and even their future grasp on knowledge in general. Without teachers our society would be in an incredible amount of turmoil and it would be in a hole so big it may be irreversible.Working with so many different students can be a life changing experience for not only the students who receive the blessings from the teacher but for the teachers who get so many of their own blessings from their students who unknowingly give and give and give. Meeting new people every year is a great experience. A teacher has the luck to meet over one-hundred new people each year. That is not to mention all the kids parents at conferences or any new faces they see in the workplace.Meeting so many people and having an opportunity to impact that many lives is an impossibly awesome situation for educators. Teachers are in a position to drastically improve society of the future and the teachers who actually are extremely passionate toward the kids will certainly be taking steps in the right direction. Student apathy has been an issue for as long as there have been people trying to teach other people. It goes with the job and it is something every educator needs to figure out how to work with and get past.It is an miserable part of the profession, but can be seen as an opportunity to work through conflicts and give the students the same respect they need throughout the process. Working through the students who do not want to learn, par ticipate, or even be in the classroom, is a challenge and a blessing. It makes teachers realize how lucky they have been that not every student is like that, or that they still get to have those students who are as passionate about learning as the teacher is about teaching. Although a disadvantage of teaching, student apathy can also put things into perspective in a good way for educators.As teaching becomes a more recognized profession, maybe it will also become more glorious. Even with all the positives to the profession there are certainly enough disadvantages that need to be worked on. The bottom line is it is not a job that someone should just get into because he or she needs a job. It is an occupation that requires patience, understanding, and most significantly passion. It is not a job for everybody but for those who do enjoy the impact they have on the lives of these students it can be the most rewarding experience on the planet.

The atmospheres of Sonnet 43 Essay Example for Free

The lines of praise 43 EssayLoves many contradicting forms are portrayed in two dramatically different sonnets, praise 43 and Sonnet 29. Though both poems are written in Petrarchan sonnet form, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Edna St. Vincent Millay chronicle two contrasting marriages and their distinct attitudes towards sleep together. Millays pessimistic Sonnet 29 depicts unrequited love as a passive force causing her disillusionment. On the other hand, Sonnet 43 attempts to quantify Brownings endless and divine love for her spouse, Robert Browning. Through their respective poems, the writers convey outpours of emotion and how their personal experiences with love have changed both their lives. Common themes explored in the two poems consist of marriage, love and loyalty. Elements of the poems that enable this include their atmospheres, diction, tones and various poetic techniques.The atmospheres of Sonnet 43 and Sonnet 29 allude to Browning and Millays outlooks on their re spective marriages. Sonnet 29 exposes a womans grief for her deteriorating marriage and her husband, who no longer looks with love on me (the poet). Readers are overwhelmed by an anger-filled, threatening opening atmosphere in which the poet imposes on them to pity me not for the light of day thatno longer walks the sky. Millays despair is seen through the metaphor of her happiness and aspect as a diminished light, repressed by the turmoil of her relationship. A sense of helpless sympathy is thus evoked by the melancholic, authoritarian imagery and bitterly ironic diction.In contrast to Sonnet 29, Elizabeth Barrett Browning begins with a grand portrayal of her love using numerous hyperboles, thus creating a majestic atmosphere. The poet loves her husband to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reachfor the ends of Being and ideal Grace. Enjambment is employed to represent the constant flow of love in Brownings marriage. However, the sonnet concludes with a darkly ambiguou s atmosphere that contrasts greatly to its optimistic introduction.The poet confesses that she shall but love thee (Robert Browning) demote after death. In addition to its implications of Brownings eternal love, this reference to her marriage vows also has forbidding connotations of marriage causing her ultimate death. Consequently, it whitethorn be seen that the poets marriage and reliance on her husband is detrimental to her fragile character. From being bitterly resentful to miserably conscious of a love that is no more, Millays emotions are depicted by the developing atmosphere of Sonnet 29. Similarly, Sonnet 43 alludes to Brownings inner thoughts beyond the divinity and grandeur of her marriage through the dismal change in its atmosphere.Religious diction is applied in Sonnet 43 where Browning expresses a spiritual bond that transcends her religion and beliefs. Her pious worship for her husband has replaced a love for her lost saints, as illustrated by the reverential tone ex tending through the sonnet. Furthermore, it is the poets marriage that compels her to persevere, guiding her when she is feeling out of sight. From the ends of Being and ideal Grace to the contradicting subtleness of everydays most quiet need, Brownings compassion is as unwavering as it is strong.When its is revealed that she loves her husband with the passion put to use in her old griefs, readers are given implications of the poets possibly troubled past, which becomes irrelevant in the face of her marriage. Moreover, Brownings love appears to defy the acts of God, as she claims to love her husband better after death. This sense of an immortal love is further compounded by the repetition of I love thee, creating a constant flow in the sonnet and freehanded it an intimate, personal touch.Contrastingly, Sonnet 29 directly confronts Millays husband using spiteful diction to convey her deep resentment for the state of her marriage. Rather than reciting, I love thee like Browning in he r Sonnet 43, Millay repeats, Pity me not for the grievances in her marriage, thus evoking sympathy from readers. In compare to Brownings hypothesis of love being an eternal, resilient force, Millay describes a relationship that is susceptible to external forces that surround it. As the year goes by, the beauties of her marriage have been overcome by a mans desirehushed so soon. Her husbands waning loyalty and fickleness is exposed by the comparison of their relationship to an ebbing tide that goes out to sea and never returns. Such negative diction alludes to the passive nature of Millays unrequited love as opposed to Brownings prosperous, active affection for her husband.

Two Italian Paintings Essay Example for Free

Two Italian Paintings EssayThe bloody shame and small fry subject study was culled from Duccio di Buoninsegnas (considered the father of Sienese painting) Maest which depicts the Madonna and electric shaver enthroned with saints and angels on the bird-scarer of its twain-sided dialog box (Sienese Paintings). Enriching each painting are Byzantine influences, the so-c entirelyed Inter raceal mediaeval Style and the work of seven great Italian artists, quartette Sienese1 painters and one sculptor Duccio di Buoninsegna (active by 1278) Simone Martini (active by 1315), brothers Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (active 1320-44 and 1319-47 respectively), and sculptor Giovanni Pisano (active 1284-1314) one Florentine painter Giotto di Bondone (1266/76-1337) herald as the father of Western nontextual matter and one romish painter Pietro Cavallini (ca. 1240 after ca. 1330) also credited with changing the course of Italian Painting2 (Sienese Painting and circuit board Painting).Evi dence of the evolving Sienese style appears in Paolo di Giovanni Feis and Giovanni di Paolos work when you consider that twain reflect Simones tendency towards richly tooled surfaces with elegant naturalism3 and the Lorenzetti brothers native feeling for rich color harmonies and precocious interest in genre-like details (Sienese Painting).To that end Paolo di Giovanni Fei s work, on the same subject matter, the Madonna and kidskin, is a creation of deliberation as the process of creating a panel was involved. Feis style is characterized by a fanciful use of color and emphasis of detail rather than rational spatial illusionism (Paolo di Giovanni Fei). The wonderfully varied palette of Madonna Nursing Her Child , a work dating from the late Medieval Italian period, ranges from the gold ground to the deeply indigo-hued robe of the Madonna with its peacock blue and agate lining and gold detailing to the pale coral of her Childs swaddling with its chalcedony lining.The engaged frame r eflects his fondness for detail, containing several medallion-like decorations, while halos, worked into the ground, surround the heads of the Madonna and Child. Present as well is Feis disregard for the third dimension giving the panel a negative aspect with regard to landscape which manifests as a sense of flatness behind the stylized rather than completely naturalistic figures. The nursing child appears to drink from an object more related in appearance to a chalice than the Madonnas breast.Cl aboriginal, the Madonna and Child are the focal point of the painting as there is no observable source of light in the painting. Rather it is infused with light, this being the overall effect of the gold ground the oil gilding used to attach it and the tempera, which non altogether gives a hard shiny glaze, but allows for the obvious hatching and crosshatching apparent in the brushstrokes. The brushstrokes bequeath a sense of layering and depth for richly luminescent color. And for all t he visually apparent texture of the painting, the relief conveyed by the scrollwork and medallions, Fei still captures and coveys both the lustrous, smoothness of gold and its softness of flexibility.Some of the above characteristics are also honest of Giovanni di Paolos Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor, a later work from the following Italian Renaissance period. Barring the addition of the unembellished figures its subject matter also draws from Duccios Maest, depicting the naturalistic figures of Madonna and nursing child before a backdrop noticeably more sure of the third dimension than Feis.As to the medium and support, Giovanni applied tempera to wood, creating a panel like Feis but considerably larger at, nearly quintuplet feet by three feet with a shaped top. The frame is reminiscent of early Gothic cathedrals while the luminous colors and richness of detail bring to intellect a stained glass window, little touches adhering to the style called International Gothic. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the flesh areas of the virginal and Child the angels and donor, and the floor and pillow are remarkably well-preserved, but the haloes of the Virgin and Child are modern, as is the checkered cloth of honor. The red of the Virgins dress has been repainted and the gilt floral ornament of her secrete which is heavily abraded is also of recent date (Caption for Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor).For all their modernity the additions are in keeping with Giovannis palette choices as the red checked cloth echoes the Virgins red robe, while the addition of gilt ornamentation on her robe adds the luminosity, lay down in the gold ground. Giovanni covers a considerable range of hues in his palette, from the gold background to the ultramarine and viridian hued cloak with gold detailing and the crimson dress of the Virgin to the soft rose and gold trellis of the Childs swaddling blanket to the primrose, blue, and embrown of the Angels tunics to the deep muddy brown of the Donors robes and finally the ochre, red, rose blue and brown of the pillow and floor. As with Feis earlier work, Giovannis later work after the panel tradition infuses light throughout the work as inappropriate to depicting a singular source to illuminate the focal point of Madonna and Child. In a comparison of Feis Madonna Nursing Her Child and Giovannis Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor each, while after the Sienese panel tradition, are clearly representative of their art periods. Feis work, with its two dimensional use of space is closer to the Byzantine style in regulateing late Medieval Italian paintings and the rather stylized representation of the human form in addition to the choice of tempera for medium and wood for support. Paradoxically, Giovanni uses the same medium and support, tempera and wood, despite the availability of oil paints, which came into use during the Italian Renaissance, Giovanni whitethorn have tr ied to reproduce the panel technique used by Fei, albeit unsuccessfully.For Feis work seems better preserved than Giovannis despite being older. In overall effect, Feis work seems closer to the pagan roots of Christianity, lacking an awareness of the Neo-Platonic traditions, such as the Chain of Being which seems to inform Giovannis work. In the latter work is an awareness of humanity, represented by the donor and therefore the purpose of the Angels and the Madonna and Child, the salvation of humanity. In Feis work the figures are in some manner abstract and more like extreme apostrophes of salvation.In summation, the works of Paolo di Giovanni Fei and Giovanni di Paolo reflect the influences of their Sienese forbears (Sienese Painting). Both Madonna Nursing Her Child by Paolo di Giovanni and Madonna and Child with Two Angels and a Donor by Giovanni di Paolo reflect the stylistic and technical qualities of their times the late Medieval Italian and Italian Renaissance periods, respe ctively. However, peculiar to both and in a sense unifying them under the Sienese style4 are the artists choice of medium and support tempura on wood with gold ground and subject matter the Madonna and Child and a notable Pisanesque tendency to incorporate relief, areas of sculpting into the painting (Sienese Painting).Works CitedDepartment of European Paintings. Italian Painting of the Later inwardness Ages. In Timeline of Art History. forward-looking York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http//www.metmuseum .org/ toah/hd/pane/hd_pane.htm (October 2001)Department of European Paintings. Italian Painting of the Later Middle Ages Panel Painting.In Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http//www.metmuesum.org/toah/hd/iptg/hd_iptg.htm (October 2001)Department of European Paintings. Sienese Painting. In Timeline of Art History. New YorkThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sien/hd_sien.htm (October 2004)Larmann, Ralph. Oil Painting. Art Studio Chalkboard. University of Evansville ArtDepartment. http//studiochalkboard.evansville.edu/ (November 2007).Delahunt, Michael. editor program Light, Oil Gilding, Oil Paint, Ground, Gesso, Medallion, Space. InArtlex Art Dictionary. http//www.artlex.com (1996-2007)Anonymous. Paolo di Giovanni Fei. Union List of Artist Names Online Full Record Display. The J. Paul Getty Trust 2004. http//getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?findrole=nation=subjectid=500013966Anonymous. Giovanni di Paolo. Union List of Artist Names Online Full Record Display. The J. Paul Getty Trust 2004. http//getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?findrole=nation=subjectid=500116438Paolo di Giovanni Fei Madonna and Child (41.190.13). In Timeline of Art History. New YorkThe Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.http//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/iptg/hod_41.190.13.htm (October 2006)Madonna and Child with Angels. Scholars Resource. http//www.scholarsresource.com/browse/work/21445703081 Siena with Florence was the chief economic, political and cultural center of Tuscany in the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance (Sienese Painting).2 Maest which depicts the Madonna and Child enthroned with saints and angels on the front of its two-sided panel (Sienese Paintings). Duccio work belongs to the later medieval period which was influenced by Byzantine influences which grew in thirteenth century Italy with the fall of the Byzantine Empire at the hands of Christian armies. The work of masters such as Florentine Giotto di Bondone and Roman Pietro Cavallini not only led to the expression of more humanistic and less stylized depictions of emotions and figures but helped create a new approach to pictorial space so that the flat world of the thirteenth century became more analogous to the real world. This led to the ever evolving style of the Sienese panel painters who were fond of creating altar pieces for churches with the Madonna and Child shown on the main panel.3 Simones style formed the basis for the so-called International Gothic style (Sienese Painting).4 The Byzantine influences, the so-called International Gothic Style and the work of seven great Italian artists, four Sienese4 painters and one sculptor Duccio di Buoninsegna (active by 1278) Simone Martini (active by 1315), brothers Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti (active 1320-44 and 1319-47 respectively), and sculptor Giovanni Pisano (active 1284-1314) one Florentine painter Giotto di Bondone (1266/76-1337) heralded as the father of Western Art and one Roman painter Pietro Cavallini (ca.1240 after ca. 1330) also credited with changing the course of Italian Painting4 (Sienese Painting and Panel Painting).

Creep Behaviour of Materials

Creep Behaviour of MaterialsChen Yi LingObjectivesThe objectives of the experiment argonTo measure the cabbage distorted shape in lead and polypropylene at room temperatureTo determine the effect of stress on the creep torture of lead and polypropyleneTo appreciate the variation in creep conduct between these two classes of corporalsTo be aware of creep as a design considerationTheory2.1. Introduction distorted shape infra a certain utilise essence over a period of clipping at a particular temperature is defined as creep, and it limits the lading carrying capacity among structual materials.When subjected to a stress greater or equal to its yield stress, the material deforms plastically. Alternately, when the stress is less than its yield stress, the material will deform elastically.However, when the material has to withstand stress at graduate(prenominal) temperature, permanent deformation will occur even if the stress is below the yield stress obtained from a bendable tes t. Under a aeonian stress, the prolong vary as a function of time as shown in estimate 2.1.1. 1The different stages of creep arePrimary Creep/Transient CreepStrain rate decreases with time and deformation becomes difficult as strain increases. (i.e. Strain Hardening)Secondary Creep/ fuddled CreepStrain rate is constantThe occurrence is due to the balance between strain hardening and strain softening (Structure Recovery)Tertiary Creep/ approach shot RuptureStrain rate increases with time and the material is fractured.Increase in creep rate is due to the increasing number of damages such as cavities, cracks and necking.The damaging phenomena reduce the cross-sectional area, which increase the applied stress when placed under constant load.Viscoelastic materials such as polymers and metals are susceptible to creep. When subjected to a sudden force, the response of a polymeric material bottomland be detected victimisation the Kelvin-Voigt model (Figure 2.1.2)Viscoelastic materials experience an increase in strain with time when subjected to a constant stress, this is termed as viscoelastic creep. At t0 (Figure 2.1.3), viscoelastic material is able to maintain for a signifi put upt long period of time when loaded with a constant stress. The material eventually fails when it responds to the stress with an increasing strain. In contrast, when the stress is maintained for a shorter period of time, the material experience an initial strain until t1 in which the stress is relieved. The strain and then immediately decrease gradually to a residual strain. 3In this experiment, we will study the creep behaviour of a low-melting point metal (Lead, Pb) and a polymer (Polypropylene, PP) at room temperature.2.2. Creep in MetalsCreep can be observed in all metals if its in operation(p) temperature exceeds 0.3 to 0.5Tm 5 (Tm = Absolute Melting Temperature) (Figure 2.2.1)Creep strain () depends on several variables, the most important variables are stress () and temperature (T). Using stress and temperature, the creep rate () can be defined as ( compare 2.2.1)Where,A = Constantn = Stress ExponentE = Activation energy for creepR = Universal gas constantCreep rate () increase as stress and temperature increase, hence Equation 2.2.1 can be redefined as (Equation 2.2.2)Whereby n is the slope of vs lnA at constant temperature.2.3. Creep in PolymersThe creep in polymers is almost similar to the creep in metal as it is depends on stress and temperature, with a few exceptions. canvass Figure 2.2.1 and Figure 2.3.1, the two graphs look similar except that Figure 2.3.1 has a recovery phase, which is termed as the reversal of creep.Possessing viscoelastic properties, the behavior of the material can be predicted using the Kelvin-Voigt model (Figure 2.1.2) as mentioned earlier, and hence, it will be utilize in this experiment.Equation 2.3.1 shows the relationship between the creep strain () and time under constant stress (Equation 2.3.1)Where and are the constant of the spring and dashpot respectively (Figure 2.1.2)On the otherwise hand, Equation 2.3.2 shows the creep strain in relation to time (Equation 2.3.2)Where is a constant.The data obtained can be plotted into an isochronous graph by taking the constant time section through the creep curves for a detail temperature. And the results obtained formed the isochronous graph.Experimental Procedures3.1 Equipment for Creep TestingThe load was applied steadily to the precedent using the lever principle shown in Figure 3.1.1. steel pins were used to kept the warning in place on one side of the lever and the weight hanger on the other.The weight hanger consist of 2 immobilise position the topmost hole was used when the hanger and loads were in rest position while the lower hole was used when the hanger was loaded.The following table shows the draw for the parts of the equipment which should be taken into consideration during the calculation of tensile force on the specimenIf m was the mass of the load on the weight hanger, then the tensile force acting on the specimen can be defined by taking moment about pivot as shown in Figure 3.1.2.(F+0.04) x 42 0.40 x 147 (0.16 + 0.04 +m) x 336 = 0 (Equation 3.1.1)Where, g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.807m/s2The backstage of the specimen was measured using a telephone dial gauge (DG). The DG was placed into a tube tightened using a nylon sneak screw to hold the DG in its place. It should be noned that the nylon pinch screw should only be tighten sufficiently to prevent the DG from moving when the loads were placed.The top of the DG was attached to the set up using a grooved plate which was bolted to the lever arm. This arrangement was to ensure the groove in this plate was two times the distance from the pivot to the centre of the specimen. Hence, the backstage of the specimen detected by the DG was twice the actual extension of the specimen. And to counter for inaccuracy when zeroing the DG, an add itional 3mm was taken into account before the start of the experiment.Thus, the actual extension of the specimen can be calculated by (Equation 3.1.2)3.2 Experiment MethodsFor the measurement of creep in lead, the load applied would be 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1kg. For the measurement of creep in polypropylene, the load applied would be 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9kg.Before conducting the experiment, the width, length, thickness and gauge length of the specimen was measured thrice using an electronic vernier caliper the trainings used for the calculation would be the average reading (highlighted in orange).3.2.1 Experiment 1 Creep of LeadThe lever arm was held in place using 2 pins 1 of it to be inserted into the bearing block and the other onto the topmost hole of the weight hanger.Attached the specimen onto the set up using 2 pins. institutionalise the control Gauge into the hole/tube but do not tighten the nylon screw yet.Attach the groove plate at the top of the Dial Gauge and lever arm and secur e it using a thumb nut.Release the pin holding the weight hanger to take up any spare movement.Make sure the specimen was placed vertically.Carefully adjust the Dial Gauge until the inner dial reads 3mm and the outer ring reads 0, then tighten the nylon screw. hindrance the ask weight onto the hanger.Raise the loaded weight hanger to the lower hole (loading position) and insert the pin.Gently release the load and start stop watch.Record reading every 15 seconds for 30 minutes or till the specimen ruptures.In order to determine the secondary creep rate for each applied stress, 3 extension-time creep curves were required. The creep rate can be calculated using the following equation (Equation 3.2.1.1)Where In this experiment, ln vs ln plot was required. Hence, the stress () on the specimen is given by (Equation 3.2.1.2)Where, F is the load applied to the specimen (N)3.2.2 Experiment 2 Creep of PolypropyleneThe test of creep of polypropylene is similar to that of lead, with a coup le of exceptions. Before placing the specimen onto the set up, 2 U brackets should be fitted over the 2 ends of the specimen. For polypropylene, elastic recovery was feasible hence the specimen was not required to be tested until failure. Note that 15 minutes, 12 minutes and 7 minutes were the extension time required for 0.6kg, 0.7kg and 0.8kg respectivelyPlace the required load onto the weight hanger.Record the extension for every 15 seconds for specific duration.After the extension period, remove the weights on the weight hanger and continue to record the reading (elastic recovery phase) every 15 seconds for 10 minutes or when the needle on the Dial Gauge stop moving for 1 minute.Repeat for other loads.Plot extension vs time curve to show the creep and recovery curve.In this experiment, strain vs stress plot was required. Hence, the strain rate () on the specimen is given by (Equation 3.2.2.1)Where ResultsResults for LeadThe increment of extension () was selected based on the re sults reflected on Figure 4.1.1.The creep rate () of Lead was determine using Equation 3.2.1.1.The stress () applied onto the lead specimen was calculated using Equation 3.2.1.2.By adding ln to the values of and ,Using the data from Table 4.1.1, we can plot a linear graph.Based on Figure 4.1.2, the stress force (n) from the straight line was 10.503.Results for PolypropyleneA sudden drop was observed for 0.7kg, this was due to serviceman error as results was not recorded promptly on specific time.Using Equation 3.2.1.2 3.2.2.1, the stress and strain rate is shown belowBased on Figure 4.2.1, when stress is constant, the strain increases as time increases, which tallies with the theory.5. DiscussionUsefulness of the Plot of ln vs lnBy plotting ln against ln, we can determine the gradient (n) or the stress exponent of the specimen, which correspond to the controlling mechanism of creep under testing conditions.Stress Exponent for LeadThe stress exponent indicates the influence of def ormation rate on the mechanical strength of the specimen.7At low stresses, n equals to 1, which indicates fine diffusion creep. At high stresses, n 1, indicating other crawl mechanism besides pure diffusion.Factors affecting the stress exponent valueThe stress exponent for lead in this experiment was found out to be 10.503. And the factors which affects the value is the type of creeping mechanism behind the specimen.Some creeping mechanisms include Coble creep (Grain boundary diffusion) and Dislocation creep/climb (Power law creep).8Creep of Metals in Design conditionThe following are some methods to minimize creeping in metalsEmploy materials with high TmReduce the effect of grain boundaries by using a single crystal with large grains or adding solid solutions to eliminate vacancies9Creep is an important consideration for when a component have to support a load at temperatures where Tabs/TM 0.4.10For high temperature, creep is an important consideration in these three areasDisp lacement-limited applications such as turbine rotors in jet enginesRupture-limited applications such as high pressure steam pipesStress Relaxation limited applications such as tightened bolts and suspended cables 11Viscoelastic BehaviourMaterials which exhibits both viscous and elastic property during deformation is known as viscoelasticity.12 In this experiment, both lead and polypropylene exhibits viscoelasticity to different extend. For lead, the time taken in which the specimen rupture decreases as the stress increases. However, its viscoelasticity is not high hence, its recovery phase is not as significant as polypropylene. Further more(prenominal), the structure of lead is more crystalline than polypropylene, which means it is more brittle and more prone to rupture.For polypropylene, the extension increases as the stress increases. The extension and recovery rate of each load are as followRecovery rate is possible on polypropylene specimen because it has higher elasticity due to its amorphous structure. The amorphous structure untangles and lengthens out until it becomes crystalline.ConclusionIn conclusion, the results obtained from the experiment is true to theory. Unfortunately, during the creep test for lead, some results are missing due to some human error resulting in an incomplete graph as depicted in Figure 4.2.1.For the creep in lead, load 1.0kg and 1.1kg rupture before 30 minutes. This shows that the heavier the load, the faster the creep rate. At even high temperature, t

Holiday inn hotel brands in world

pass inn hotel brands in worldAbstract pass inn is one of the stovepipe known family of hotel brands in the world. The experience, the quality, the assistant, the spirit etc, etc its all begins here. With over 2000 hotels on six continents of the world, pass Inn has spent the last seventy years welcoming tribe to a world of comfort, excellence service, quality modification and memorable experiences in the best locations on the be afteret.WHAT EXACTLY IS HOTEL INDUSTRY?Like some other industries, the Hotel Industry likewise get hold ofs to explore the opportunities for innovation in order to achieve peripheral service and customer satisfactiveness. This industry is alone a multi-billion dollar and one of the hot growing sectors of the economy of recent age. The hotel industry is diverse for populate to work in different areas of interest and offer unlimited opportunities.According to the latest statistics of The time Newspaper, at that place are approximately 120000 bus inesses within the commercial sector in Great Britain including hotels, restaurants, cafes, holiday camps, public houses, snack bars, and catering contractors.(Source www.thetimes100.co.uk)Hotels are service industries. They suffer a service to the customer rather than a product. The service consists of looking after people when they are away from home, by providing food, shelter, drink, sleeping accommodation, entertainment and waste facilities.COMPANY OVERVIEWThe Holiday Inn has more than 2,000 hotels in 56 countries worldwide. (Source http//www.hotel radiation patterns.net/review/review_412_1.html)The graduation exercise Holiday Inn Hotel was founded in 1952 by Wilson in USA, for inexpensive family accommodation travelers. The brand name Holiday Inn is now owned by IHG who in turn license it out to franchisees and third parties who operate hotels under circumspection agreements. (Source http//www.hoteldesigns.net/review/review_412_1.html)STANDARDSHoliday Inn has a history of standards, part of Wilsons original nous. Not meeting these standards may mean a lost franchise. Many of the ripened Holiday Inn hotels, especially the two-story ones with exterior corridors, have been removed from the Holiday Inn system as franchises expired and rebranded. Some old Holidomes have been rebranded as Best Westerns, Days Inns, and Quality Inns.Holiday Inns boasted air-conditioned rooms, restaurants, meeting rooms, consortiums, tele deal, direct dial telephone service, piped music and radio, wall to wall carpeting, cocktail lounges, and the Holidex the com doinguateerized reservation system that put many Mom and Pop outfits out of business. Millions of road weary business travelers and harried families learned to organize their trips around the ritual of Holidex reservations, knowing that the same room, food, and night-lit pool awaited them down the road. (Source http//www.hoteldesigns.net/review/review_412_1.html)IN WHAT AREAS THE ORGANISATION HAVE STRATEGIC PLANS AND WHAT ARE THE PLANS?IntroductionBusinesses are often worried about instantaneous issues and dawdle sight of their ultimate objectives and goals. Thats why a strategical plan is a virtual necessity for organisations. This may non be a recipe for success, entirely without it a business is much more likely to fail. A sound plan shouldExplain the business to others in order to motivate, inform involve other people.Serve as a framework for decisions.Support performance monitoring and benchmarking.Motivate change, bring innovation and become a vital part for side by side(p) plan.Strategic readiness activities have become a signifi faecal mattert source of warringness for hotel industry. Decision-makers must be able to integrate strategic initiatives to gain competitive advantage in the face of increasingly volatile technological innovation, customer expectations, and global competition. Strategy maker professionals must learn to integrate strategic and planning as well. While o thers (Walker, 1992 Schuler, 1990 and Ulrich, 1987) have detailed the models for changing strategies, less work has been done to identify the specific steps of linking strategic practices.Strategic Planning of Holiday InnStrategic planning determines the major goals of the organization. It provides the foundation for the policies, procedures and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals. Policies are broad guides to action and strategies determine the best way to use resources. At the strategic planning stage, the company decides which customers to serve, what products or services to sell and the geographic areas in which the firm will compete.There are more than 220,000 employees in Holiday Inn Corporation worldwide.While every hotelier is branding beds, redecorating and adding amenities, Holiday Inn and Hilton are onto the next hospitality marketing frontier solicitous employees.Holiday Inn is trying to brand the guest experience by standardizing service with a program called People Notice. As part of the plan, the chain is implementing the new service culture by conducting a three-month hands-on instruction program that emphasizes going the extra mile for hotel guests.For example, if a housekeeper learns that a guest is missing a wedding party anniversary while on the road, that employee give notice send flowers to the guests room with an anniversary card signed by the round. If a guest requires medication to be refrigerated, a staffer can follow up by delivering the medicine at the appropriate time with a bottle of water and crackers. Incentives allow recognition programs allowing guests and co-workers to beatify an employee.Holiday Inn is also participating with internal branding gurus from Northwestern Universitys Forum for People Performance Management and Measurement in a multi-company schooling seeking to identify employee behaviors that result in customer loyalty. The Forum project intends to put a value on these acti ons so a company can develop a budget and invest in the behaviors that matter. An outside branding campaign is also in the works.Anybody can knock off anybody elses bed, do it better, cheaper and easier when it comes to products today, verbalise Bruce Bolger, the Forums executive director. The difficult thing is changing employee behavior, and that is what separates the women from the girls.Meanwhile, Hilton Hotelslast month took its internal Be hospitable campaign to TV, print and outdoor, via FCB, San Francisco.One objective of the umbrella effort is to convey to the public that assurances of Hilton quality also apply to sister brands such as Embassy Suites.The efforts random kindness theme was augmented with DVDs, brochures, seminars and other materials provided to employees. Even company orientation packets, health benefit folders and recruiting booths are stamped with the Be hospitable look.A lot of hotel advertising today is about the bed but frankly, I dont think people are surprised to find a bed when they check in to their room, said Jeffrey Diskin, svp-Hilton set Performance. We want to help you with why you went on a trip, and to do that, we need to focus on what the guest of necessity. A critical part of that is using our own people.Kathy Sheehan, travel analyst and svp for Roper Reports, New York, said the idea has merit. To differentiate, you have to establish a relationship with the consumer and that means using your people. That practice, dubbed internal branding or leveraging human capital, is figuring more prominently in marketing plans, said Bolger.Indeed, agencies like Golin/Harris, Chicago OgilvyOne, New York and human resources consultants like Hewitt and Mercer are establishing disciplines in people performance management for their clients. Draft, Chicago, has also long unified internal branding as part of its integrated marketing approach. Companies are realizing it not all push-and-tell marketing, said Tony Weisman, Drafts CMO. Co-creation by inviting in the customers and the employees is part of the serve well.WHAT DOES THE ORGANISATION DO TO IMPLEMENT THESE PLANSImplementation means more than simply exercising the plan. It means acting on recommendations made during the vulnerability analysis, integrating the plan into company operations, training employees and evaluating the plan.Where Do They Stand Right Now?Review Internal Plans and PoliciesDocuments to look for include evacuation planFire protection planSafety and health programEnvironmental policiesSecurity proceduresInsurance programsFinance and purchasing proceduresPlant closing policyEmployee manualsHazardous materials planProcess safety assessment riskiness management planCapital improvement programMutual aid agreements locate Critical Products, Services and OperationsYoull need this information to assess the dissemble of potential emergencies and to determine the need for backup systems. Areas to review includeIdentify Internal Resources and CapabilitiesResources and capabilities that could be needed in an emergency includePersonnel flack catcher brigade, hazardous materials response team, emergency medical services, security, emergency management group, evacuation team, public information officerEquipment fire protection and suppression equipment, conferences equipment, first aid supplies, emergency supplies, warning systems, emergency power equipment, decontamination equipmentFacilities emergency operating center, media briefing area, shelter areas, first-aid stations, sanitation facilitiesOrganizational capabilities training, evacuation plan, employee support systemIdentify External ResourcesThere are many external resources that could be needed in an emergency. In some cases, formal agreements may be necessary to qualify the facilitys relationship with the following topical anaesthetic emergency management officeFire DepartmentHazardous materials response organizationEmergency medical servicesHospitalsLocal a nd State policeCommunity service organizationsUtilitiesContractorsSuppliers of emergency equipmentInsurance carriersWHAT FACTORS DO THEY APPEAR TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT WHEN DEVELOPING STRATEGYPhysical What types of emergencies could result from the design or construction of the facility? Does the physical facility enhance safety? ConsiderThe physical construction of the facilityHazardous processes or byproductsFacilities for storing combustiblesLayout of equipmentLightingEvacuation routes and exitsProximity of shelter areasHuman Error What emergencies can be caused by employee error? Are employees trained to work safely? Do they know what to do in an emergency? Human error is the single largest cause of workplace emergencies and can result fromPoor trainingPoor maintenanceCarelessness misconductSubstance abuseFatigueRegulatory What emergencies or hazards are you regulated to deal with?Analyze each potential emergency from beginning to end. Consider what could pass as a result ofProhib ited access to the facilityLoss of electric powerCommunication lines downRuptured gas mainsWater damage batch damageStructural damageAir or water contaminationExplosionBuilding collapseTrapped personsChemical releaseGood net The employees expect a good salary from the hotel in return of the work they do. Good salary is the most important need of the internal customer and if this need is fulfilled they are satisfied.Good manipulation from the management Money is not the only need of the internal customer they also need good treatment from the management.Trust from the management The management should have faith in their employees this will increase the confidence level of the employees and will have a positive effect on their work.Promotional opportunities Most of the employees are ambitious, especially young employees. So they look for promotional opportunities. Promotional opportunities are also one of the essential needs of the internal customer.Various perks Perks or fringe ben efits in other words have an immense effect on the attitude of the staff. By providing special perks to the staff the hotel in a way provokes them to work with their heart, which proves beneficial for the hotel.Job security Employees need a kind of job security for their future. If the job of the employees is secured then they can work tension free.Good working atmosphere The working atmosphere of the organisation should be cool. There should be no pressure from anywhere so that the employees relish free to work.EXTERNALCUSTOMERSExternal customers are those who are the guests of the hotel. The pay the hotel for the services that are provided to them by the hotel. External customers should be provided with good and efficient service so that they become repeat customers of the hotel.NEEDS OF THE EXTERNAL CUSTOMERSWarm welcome from the hotel First and foremost what external customer need is a warm welcome from the hotel. They should be greeted properly when they arrive in the hotel.Ef ficient service Service is the most influential factor for the customers of the hotel. If the service provided by the hotel is efficient and effective it affects the reputation of the hotel in a positive way. The external customers can also recommend the hotel to other people.Friendly environment The environment of the hotel should be friendly so that the customers feel like home.Some extra benefits if they are repeat customers If the customers are repeat customers then they should be given some benefits like discounts or special rates, so they feel happy and remain the customers of the hotel for long time.Good facilities The hotel should provide all the essential and also luxurious facilities for which they are paid for.Reasonable and affordable rates The customers continuously expect affordable rates for their stay or meal in the hotel. This can result in making them repeat customers for the hotel.WHAT COULD BE THE POSSIBLE serviceCompanies obviously need to improve strategy imp lementation activities, but the pace of these activities and the implementation itself have many problems. Primary objectives are somehow forgotten as the strategy moves into implementation, and the initial momentum is lost before the company realizes the expected benefits. The cause isnt easy to explain, but it can be attributed to a variety of problems.ship canal OF ATTRACTING CUSTOMERSAdvertising It is a paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identifiable sponsor. Advertising is a purposive communication to external customers.Pricing Reasonable pricing of the product and services can captivate external customers to a certain extent.Channels of distribution Like transport, stock retentivity and storage, local knowledge, promotion, display can attract external customers.Sales Promotions These are marketing activities that stimulate consumer purchasing, and dealer effectiveness, such as displays, shows and exhibitions, demonstrations and various non-recurrent selling efforts not in the ordinary routine.Branding A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design intended to identify the product of a seller and to differentiate it from those of competitors. Brand names like Hilton, Marriott can often attract external customers to a wide extent.Personal selling The sales force is an important part of the communication mix. Personal selling is concerned with an individual selling his own ideas of the typical personal sales.Customer loyalty schemes Customer loyalty schemes can also attract external customers. Customer loyalty schemes like offering a discount cards, offering extra facilities during parties etc are effective attracting the external customers to the hotel. mankind relations Public relations are important to attract external customers. Public relations are all about getting publicity for the product through bright manipulation of the media.Direct marketing It is the planned recording, analysis and tracki ng of customer behaviour to develop relational marketing strategies.CAN THE ORGANISATION PLAN BE IMPROVED OR DEVELOPEDSimply put, strategic planning determines where an organization is going over the next year or more, how its going to get there and how itll know if it got there or not. The focus of a strategic plan is usually on the entire organization, while the focus of a business plan is usually on a particular product, service or program.There are a variety of perspectives, models and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is developed depends on the nature of the organizations leadership, culture of the organization, complexity of the organizations environment, size of the organization, expertise of planners, etc. For example, there are a variety of strategic planning models, including goals-based, issues-based, organic, scenario (some would assert that scenario planning is more a technique than model), etc. Goals-based planning is probably the mo st common and starts with focus on the organizations mission (and vision and/or values), goals to work toward the mission, strategies to achieve the goals, and action planning (who will do what and by when). Issues-based strategic planning often starts by examining issues facing the organization, strategies to address those issues, and action plans. Organic strategic planning might start by articulating the organizations vision and values and then action plans to achieve the vision while adhering to those values. Some planners prefer a particular approach to planning, eg, appreciative inquiry. Some plans are scoped to one year, many to three years, and some to five to ten years into the future. Some plans include only top-level information and no action plans. Some plans are five to eight pages long, while others can be considerably longer.Quite often, an organizations strategic planners already know much of what will go into a strategic plan (this is true for business planning, to o). However, development of the strategic plan greatly helps to clarify the organizations plans and keep in line that key leaders are all on the same script. Far more important than the strategic plan document, is the strategic planning process itself.REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHYAirey, D. and Johnson, S. (1999), The content of tourism degree courses in the UK, Tourism Management, Vol. 20, pp. 229-35.Higher Education Funding Council for England (2001), Getting Ahead Graduate Careers in Hospitality Management (HEFCE 01/30 May Report), Council for Hospitality Management Education/HEFCE, Bristol.Impact Skills Network (2002), An assessment of skills needs in tourism and cultural industries Skills dialogues, July, available at www.impactskillbase.org.ukJameson, S.M. and Holden, R. (2000), Graduateness who cares? Graduate indistinguishability in small hospitality firms, Education and Training, Vol. 42 No. 4/5, pp. 264-71.http//www.businessballs.com/freenewbusinessplanstemplates.htmhttp//www.b usinessballs.com/freebusinessplansandmarketingtemplates.htmhttp//marketing.about.com/od/marketingplanandstrategy/Plan_Your_Marketing_Strategy.htmhttp//www.cambridgestrategy.com/content/business_strategy_audit.phphttp//www.ichotelsgroup.com/h/d/pc/1/en/c/2/content/dec/pc/0/en/cs.html?cm_re=pcr-_-hmpg-_-n4a=bhttp//www.largo.com/egov/docs/1253124205_499786.pdfhttp//www.quickmba.com/strategy/strategic-planning/http//www.mybusinesstravel.com/strategies/hotel.phpstrategyshttp//managementhelp.org/plan_dec/str_plan/str_plan.htmhttp//www.hoteldesigns.net/review/review_412_1.htmlhttp//www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/branding-brand-development/4673624-1.htmlwww.thetimes100.co.uk

Effects of Lab by Inquiry in Educational Settings

Effects of Lab by Inquiry in Educational SettingsBriana BruskeAbstractThe purpose of this literary works research was to distinguish the differences between bridle and enquiry base science testing groundoratoryoratory experiments in educational settings, and their effect on student education. Examples of the incorporation of head into hightail it curriculum were found. The effect of inquiry on knowledge type gained by students, and classification of their laboratory reflective separatements was analyzed found on results contained in confused publications sources. Literature based aspect results depicting student postures toward verification versus inquiry, and manoeuvre inquiry versus present inquiry were obtained and discussed. Suggestions for instructors as regards to the incorporation of inquiry into laboratory settings, and guide atmospheres to do so were obtained and presented in this literature paper. It was determined that, though both verification and inquiry experiments have benefits, inquiry allows development of student skills that may non be otherwise obtained through a verification experiment, and allows for a more than student-driven laboratory setting.IntroductionExperimenting in the lab is a way for students to learn hands-on about the imaginations they coer in lecture.1 The average laboratory experiment travel within the category of cookbook style, or verification experiment. These terms will be used interchangeably throughout this research paper. A verification experiment bes of students following a list of instructions, provided to them by the instructor, to verify a concept wise(p) in lecture.2 The laboratory instructions for verification experiments often follow a similar format to instructions in cookbooks hence the term cookbook style. mixed educational institutes have replaced a number of verification labs to incorporate lab by inquiry into chemistry courses.213 Lab by inquiry can be separated into two major categor ies. These categories are guided-inquiry and open-inquiry.1 Alan Colburn defines guided and open inquiry in his article, An Inquiry Primer.4 channelise inquiry consists of the instructor providing students with only a task and the materials to solve it. Students devising their own laboratory procedures to solve the problem is a requirement for guided inquiry.4 Open inquiry is similar to guided inquiry, with the riddance that students must come up with their own problem to solve along with their own procedure.4 Open inquiry involves a higher level of difficulty than guided inquiry, because students are provided with less information and guidance to devise problems and develop procedures.The National Scientific Education Standards state the importance of inquiry in learning scientific concepts, and outline the abilities postulate to do scientific inquiry. These abilities include identifying questions and concepts that guide investigation, designing and conducting investigations, u sing technology and mathematics to improve upon communications and investigations, formulation and revision of scientific explanations and models using evidence and logic, recognition and analysis of alternative explanations and models, communication and defense of scientific arguments, and understanding of scientific inquiry5.AppendixResearch Involving the Creation of a Heat-Transfer Guided Inquiry Lab for Allied Health Students at Rochester Community and Technical CollegeUndergraduate Research was through with(p) to create a heat-transfer guided inquiry based lab for Allied Health students at Rochester Community and Technical College, under the advising of Dr. Heather Sklenicka. The Allied Health student class did not have a heat-transfer lab, and no exposure to lab by inquiry. In this lab, students were given the opportunity to develop their own procedures to solve a given problem. The given problem use to a real-life situation, which convoluted imagining they were opening thei r own coffee shops in a busy college town. Students had to determine the best container to sell their customers coffee in, i.e. the container that containedZJM3 heat close to effectively. This required the students to test various coffee mugs, thermoses, and other containers for their efficiency in preventing the transfer of heat from the system to the surroundings.Students were asked various pre- and post-lab questions regarding the lab. Students were asked what their interest level in the lab was pre- and post-lab. more or less students were interested in the topic of the lab prior to beginning experimentations, and remained interested or became more interested after the lab. Post-lab, students were asked whether the lab helped them further understand the concept of heat transfer as applied to a real-life situation, and all students surveyed that, in fact, it did. Students were asked if they had or planned to speak with others outside of lab about their experience with the lab, and most students surveyed that they had or planned to do so. When asked whether they enjoyed developing their own procedures, students surveyed that it was one of the most difficult parts of the lab, however, it was among one of their favorite portions of the lab.Results and DiscussionA group of researchers from the Departments of alchemy and Biochemistry at the University of azimuth, Tucson, Arizona, studied the effects that different levels of inquiry had on General Chemistry students written lab reflections. Written lab reflections refer to post-lab responses regarding work done in lab, and analysis of data collected during experimentations. Figure 13 displays the results from this research of the various types of reflective statements shown by students and how they varied based on level of inquiry. The essence of evaluation statements varied little amongst the different types of labs. Evaluation statements consist of analysis of data obtained in lab.3 The largest portion of statements in written lab reflection ferine under the category of knowledge statements. Knowledge statements consist of reflections regarding knowledge gained from lab experiments.3 Guided inquiry had the lowest summate of knowledge statements, likely due to a higher portion of improvement statements. The amount of improvement statements in students written lab reflections varied the most among the different levels of inquiry in lab. Improvement statements consist of possible modifications that could be made to methods or the experiment itself.3 This is reasonable because, unlike verification experiments, inquiry requires students to develop their own procedures. This allows for a more significant amount of lab technique and procedural error, resulting in a more significant amount of inaccuracy in experimental data. Students must then explain error in results and this often consists of reflecting upon experimental mistakes and how improvements can be made to allow for improved ex perimental results.The University of Arizona researchers also focused on knowledge type gained from experiments based on students written reflections. Revised Blooms Taxonomy6 was used to categorize students reflective statements reguarding knowledge gained from laboratory work.3 Blooms Revised Taxonomy can be broken down into four knowledge type categories metacognitive, procedural, conceptual, and factual.6 Metacognitive can be described as the knowledge regarding cognition. The awarness of ones own cognition falls under this category as wellspring. Examples of metacognitive knowledge would be strategic knowledge, knowledge regarding cognitive tasks, consisting of appropriate contextual and conditional knowledge, and knowledge of oneself and abilities. Procedural knowledge consists of erudite how to go about a task. Examples of procedureal knowledge would be agorithms, techniques, and determination of when to use proper procedures.6 Factual knowledge is the basic information stu dents must know to be familiar with a discipline and solve problems related to it. Examples of this would be knowledge of terminology, specific details, and basic information regarding a topic.6 Conceptual knowledge consists of the ability to adopt the connection between basic concepts and a larger picture or problem, allowing them to work together. Examples of this type of knowledge would be knowing certain classifications, principles, categories, and generalizations, as well as theories, structures, and models.6Figure 23 depicts the level of the various types of knowledge gained in the laboratory based on students written reflections and the level in inquiry involved in the experiment. As one can see, students reflections in inquiry labs display a larger portion of metacognitive and procedural knowledge than the verification, while the verification lab reflections showed more factual and conceptual knowledge. In guided inquiry, students are pushed to focus more on the procedure a nd how one would go about solving a given problem. This requires a higher level of thinking and problem solving skills than that involved in a verification lab.A groupZJM4 of researchers from a Texas University conducted surveys of students attitudes toward guided inquiry and open inquiry.1 Before conducting these surveys, students were tested as to whether they were able to correctly distinguish between guided inquiry and open inquiry scenarios. The surveys regarding attitudes toward guided inquiry and open inquiry labs were then given to 322 students who were able to correctly identify both laboratory scenarios.1 This legitimizes the results of the surveys because the 322 students surveyed more than likely understood exactly what the questions were asking, and were able to accurately state their opinion of guided and open inquiry labs. tabularize 1 Students Survey Statements Regarding Guided Inquiry1Table 11 depicts the results of the survey regarding guided inquiry laboratories. The left statements map to cocksure attitudes while the right statements correspond to negative attitudes. Students generally had a positive attitude toward guided inquiry experiments. This is shown by the higher percentages agreeing with the left statements over the right statements.Table 2 Students Survey Statements Regarding Open Inquiry1Table 21 depicts the results from the survey regarding open-inquiry laboratory experiments. The left and right statements were the same as those shown in the guided-inquiry survey (see Table 1). Students generally had a less positive attitude toward open-inquiry experiments when compared to guided inquiry.Table 3 Students Survey Statement Regarding Both Open and Guided Inquiry1Table 31 displays the results from the survey regarding both open and guided inquiry laboratory experiments. Left statements generally corresponded to positive attitudes toward open inquiry labs while right statements corresponded to positive attitudes toward guided inqui ry. Students survey answers generally favored guided inquiry over open inquiry. This is shown by the higher percentages in Table 3 agreeing with the right statements.Research, regarding the change of verification experiments to guided inquiry experiments in the general chemistry classroom, was conducted by students at the U.S. Millitary Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York.2 The focus on the scientific method within the general chemistry course offered much room for improvement of students critical thinking skills through guided inquiry experiments.2Table 42 depicts the results from a survey of USMA general chemistry students after completion of guided inquiry laboratory experiments. The results from the USMA research survey are much in line with the results from the Texas University group regarding students attitudes toward guided inquiry (see Table 1). Students generally showed a positive attitude toward guided inquiry.Though there are no concrete rules to converting verificati on labs to inquiry experiments, the USMA research group put forth general guidelines to assist instructors in creating their own inquiry experiments or converting old verification style to inquiry format.2 Step 1 would be to select an experiment from the course curriculum. The experiment should include fairly simple and easy-to-understand concepts. Data should be collected using an round-eyed apparatus, and allow for a quantitative and mathematical relationship between variables. Conclusions from the analysis of experimental data should be able to be tested.2 Step 2 would be to alter the introductory (pre-lab) material so that major concepts would not be taught before lab time.2 Students should learn concepts based on experiments in lab and variation of data collected. Step 3 would consist of significantly reducing the amount of detail put into procedural steps in the lab handout. This would require more thought on the part of the students regarding how to collect relevant data an d how to interpret it.2 Step 4 includes add uping a step or procedure to the end of the lab, allowing students to evidence their analysis of data and conclusions regarding important concepts.2 The last step would be to include short questions to guide student thoughts and include in the laboratory report.2 An example of a transmutation of a verification experiment to guided inquiry can be found in Table 5.2 The USMA converted a freezing read depression verification experiment to a guided inquiry lab.2 There are clear differences shown between the verification and inquiry versions of the lab regarding purpose, schedule of lab time, objectives, laboratory introduction, procedure, and instructior and teaching assistant dutiesZJM5.ConclusionBoth verification and inquiry experiments have benefits. However, inquiry can provide a more challenging laboratory experience for students and lead to development of skills that may not have been otherwise acquaintedZJM6 with in cookbook or veri fication experiments. Based on various literature sources132 and undergraduate research done at Rochester Community and Technical College (see AppendixZJM7), lab by inquiry is an effective way to teach students critical thinking and problem solving skills, while allowing students to discover concepts within a laboratory setting before learning them in lecture. Students generally have a positive attitude toward inquiry.12 Inquiry also allows for a break from the typical verification experiment, and a more student-driven laboratory setting. Instructors can incorporate inquiry into curriculum by the conversion of previously developed verification experiments into inquiry labs.2References(1) Chatterjee, S. Williamson, V. M. McCann, K. Peck, M. L. J. Chem. Educ. 2009, 86, 1427.(2) Allen, J. B. Barker, L. N. Ramsden, J. H. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 533.(3) Xu, H. Talanquer, V. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 2128.(4) Colburn, A. Sci. Scope 2000, 23, 4244.(5) Council, N. R. National science educat ion standards National Academy Press, 1996.(6) Krathwohl, D. R. Theory Pract. 2002, 41, 212218.ZJM1When you elude to the fact that inquiry-based labs allow for better development of student skills, you might want to mention the measure(s) used to determine this. That way people know the assessment and can take away to read on from there.ZJM2Id move the appendix to the end. It is really something appended to the article that doesnt really belong in the flow of the article.ZJM3Retained?ZJM4Something you might consider is to add a few subheadings in the body of your discussion. You are really tackling two areas of inquiry labs 1. The effectiveness of the labs and 2. Student attitudes toward inquiry. It might be nice to offset them with headings preferably of just a paragraph indent to focus the readers attention even further.ZJM5Is there data on the effectiveness of these labs to corroborate your statements from the Arizona research group?ZJM6Acquired?ZJM7Do you have results in the f orm of tables/graphs for the research you did? It might help out here bridging your paper togetherand in that case, you dont necessarily need to call it an appendix either.

The Awakening :: essays research papers

The Awakening The Awakening by Kate Chopin was considered real shocking when it was first published because of the "sexual wake up" of the main character, Edna Pontellier, and her unconventional behavior. Chopin moved to New Orleans after her marriage and lived there for twelve years until the death of her husband. She returned to St. Louis where she began writing. She used her knowledge of Louisiana and Creole culture to create wonderful descriptions of local color, and she incorporated French phrases used by the Creoles. The Awakening ranges at Grade Isle, a vacation spot of soaked Creoles from New Orleans. Edna is there with her two sons and her husband Leonce who comes and goes because of business. Edna is not Creole, but her husband is. She has never felt like she fits in with their lifestyle. Edna has always done what is expected of a woman, including marrying a man she did not love. He regards her as a possession rather than an individual. While on vacation, Edna falls in love with Robert Lebrun. She often goes to the shore with him. She begins to realize for the first time, at age 28, that she is an individual. Edna feels like one who awakens gradually from a dream to the reality of life. After this discovery, Edna changes. She disregards her husbands wishes and often ignores her children. She learns to swim which also makes her begin to feel more independent. Edna befriends two women, Mademoiselle Reisz, a pianist, and Madame Ratignolle, a motherly lady. Distressed when Robert leaves for Mexico, Edna often visits Mademoiseel Reisz to whom Robert often writes. Edna continues to disregard the customs of society. Her husband becomes Lowe 2very upset and insists that they must observe less convenance if they want to keep up with society. He tries to get her to attend her sisters wedding, but she refuses. Leonce goes to New York on business, but Edna refuses to go with him. The children are with their grandparents so Edna enjoys her time alone . She starts an affair with Alcee Arobin. He introduces her to the importance of sex, which she did not enjoy with her husband. She closes up her house and moves to a smaller one. Upset, her husband puts a recognize in the newspaper, which says that their house is being remodeled. He tries to hide Ednas strange behavior from his friends.