The Pandigital Novel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Pandigital Novel - Research Paper Example black and white to help accommodate the personal needs of each consumer.1 Of course, as with any product, there are good and bad reviews. One review mentions that the good aspect about the Pandigital Novel e-reader is that it incorporates Wi-Fi, web browsing, extra slot for additional memory, imaging and video, as well as audio capabilities. The poor features are the â€Å"resistive touch-screen is problematic; extremely sluggish performance; interface could be more intuitive; overall user experience could be better.† 2 The main product in which the Pandigital novel is consistently compared to is the Macintosh iPad. The reason for this being that the popularity of the iPad is substantial and thus the push to mimic the Mac device. Already the significant difference of the two is that the Pandigital Novel is much less in cost than the iPad ($199 vs. $499+). Unfortunately, the consumer appears to be getting what he or she pays for in the less expensive model due to the fact that the screen is not as responsive and the programs can be slow-acting in the Pandigital Novel. The iPad carries many more features including two cameras, HD recording, dual-core A5 chip, 10-house battery life, thinner, lighter, and comes with 16 applications to name a few.3 Apple as a producer was able to quickly produce a newer version of the iPad faster than the Pandigital Novel producers. ... cripples reaching Wi-Fi hotspots.4 Although, it allows for more memory space by having a slot for an SD card, the natural memory storage in the iPad super exceeds the Pandigital Novel. In essence, the Pandigital Novel has its issues, especially in light of its top competitor, the iPad. However, what consumers must recognize is that the Pandigital Novel is significantly less money than the iPad. It is also offering specs that many consumers would be satisfied with dependant on their needs. If the consumer is not desiring all of the extra applications or browsing features that are better on the iPad and wanting a simple, but radiant e-book reader, than the Pandigital Novel is a befitting choice. Works Cited Carnoy, David. "Pandigital Novel (white)." Cnet Reviews. Ed. John P. Falcone. N.p., 17 Aug. 2010. Web. 6 July 2011. . "iPad: There's more to it. And even less of it." Apple.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 July 2011. . Joan, Ben. "Difference Between Apple iPad and Pandigital Novel." Differenc eBetween.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 July 2011. . "Pandigital Novel Color Multimedia eReaders - U.S." Pandigital. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 July 2011.

Museum Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Museum Marketing - Assignment Example The primary role here is to correlate people and material things, so that the museum becomes an important site for the development of new forms of experience, memory and knowledge. As a transport museum, Coventry boasts of the largest arrays in its display of road transport mediums, cars, commercial vehicles and buses, apart from motorbikes and cycles. Through its plethora of galleries like the Introductory Gallery, Landmarques and Boomtime Boomtwon, among many others, this museum has the scope to tap markets other than automobile lovers. This can be done by adopting a certain level of media culture and displaying its millions of archive and ephemera objects in a way that appeal to the sensibilities of even the most average person by showcasing trends like now and ten as well as others like tours that involve no instructions. Set in the place where British automobile and transport was born, this museum displays collectibles that are mostly from a personal collection or gifts apart from the purchased items. (www.transport-museum.com) Having traced the journey from denial to discovery (Rentschler, 2002), museum marketing depends largely on presenting facts in a way that grab interest and offer experiences that most cultural industry based organizations would term as marketing orientation. With a new emphasis on skills and market presence, there is now a concerted effort towards driving resources to create museum visibility in the most unusual places. In thus regard, marketing activities concerning a museum seek to promote a ceratin sense of intrinsic values that will offer motivation to the most unlikely individuals as far as transport and automobiles are concerned, and turn them into visitors. This paper will study the methodology which can be adopted to increase the audience base and market the museum effectively. Coventry has a 303, 475 strong population (www.wikipedia.com) Apart from this, it is strategically situated between the Midlands and Birmingham with a proximity to London. Considering the fact that the Coventry has a large influence from the Midlands, owing to the fact that this is where Britain's tryst with transport really began, it is imperative for the museum's marketing managers to identify the niche crowd that subscribes to the concept of ethnicity, as the Midlands have a large variation in their population in terms of Asian and other communities. This has strong implications towards further research to find out the level of visitation to the museum. The museum is also in dire need of a complete refurnishing plan. This is owing to the problem that it does not, in its present form, cater to the sensibilities of emerging lifetsyle profiles as well as interest areas. Since the 1990s, museums including the Coventry, have seen a surge in studies revolving around experience of visitors and motivation. This laid the foundation for audience research (Doering, 1999; Thyne, 2001) as well as visitor learning (McManus, 1993). It was found that will factors like more upmarket ways that contribute to overall segmentation. These may include profiles that make statements about one's lifestyle or other such factors. (Todd and Lawson, 2001). The focus of museums has also come to include the area of multicultural audience studies, in a bid to include visitors from various walks of life. In this case, my

Black Homelessness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Black Homelessness - Essay Example In this paper the issue of black homelessness in the background of young people living in the project housing is dealt with. It is possible to view the issue of black homelessness on the background of the social theories that deal with such issues, the values and ethics, multidisciplinary working, anti-disciplinary practice, challenges faced by service users, challenges faced by housing support workers, supervision, discrimination, empowerment, young people social skills, integration into society, New Deal for young people, employment, partnership work with other agencies, legislation etc. The barriers affecting housing organisation, good argument between govt and local authority housing, housing law and homelessness, local authority housing resources allocations, and the reflection of work done with young people living within housing projects also can strengthen the understanding of the issue. A close understanding of the issue of black homelessness confirms that there is a great re lation between the social work and the housing issues, the agencies working in housing and practice in the region of black homelessness. ... Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work." (Definition of Social Work, British Association of Social Workers). Therefore, the issue of black homelessness in the background of young people living in project housing can be understood as a serious social issue to be dealt with social workers. As specified in BASW, the works of a social worker include pertinent areas such as interpersonal practice, group work, community work, social development, social action, policy development, research, social work education and supervisory and managerial functions in these fields. Therefore, black homelessness naturally becomes a pertinent issue that concerns the social worker. In this attempt of dealing with the issue, the social workers encounter several challenges. There are several specific values and ethics that contribute to the practice of social working among the homeless. "Social work practice should both promote respect for human dignity and pursue social justice, through service to humanity, integrity and competence." (Values and Principles, British Association of Social Workers). Thus, the responsibilities towards the service users need to be kept important by the social workers practicing in the area of black homelessness. Thus, they need to give priority to the service us er's interests, be aware of their cultural background, respect their privacy, confidentiality, and records etc. they also have responsibilities towards their profession, responsibilities in the workplace, responsibilities in particular roles etc which they need to keep all through

The Images of Women in Film Essay Example for Free

The Images of Women in Film Essay The two films being evaluated in this essay are Now, Voyager and Pretty Woman. Both movies tackle the stories of one lead character, a woman and her transformation from one type of personality – usually the underdog into another which is more successful. This common formulaic plot of an â€Å"ugly duckling† evolving to become a beautiful swan has often been used as a storyboard for romantic films since viewers usually identify with the character who at first seems like the loser, but in the end becomes the victor. The image of Charlotte Vale at the beginning of the film is that of a typical old maid in conservative clothes, flat shoes, without make-up, with glasses, and without any social life. Her appearance is clean and neat but very much old school. From her entry at the initial part of the film, she is portrayed as shy, reserved, unhappy, overweight, unattractive and insecure. She is often ignored by everyone, and even mocked by some of her relatives. She also hates her mother so much but she is helpless and afraid and feels that she has nowhere to go. As the movie unfolds, Charlotte’s character is transformed into a more sophisticated, elegant, modern and glamorous personality, whom everyone adores and likes. Now, she has a well-coiffed hair, wears more revealing outfits, walks comfortably in high-heeled shoes, puts on make-up and smiles more frequently. She becomes cheerful, endearing, sweet and charming, and she loses her previous timidity and stiffness. With her transformation, Charlotte gains confidence in her self, and becomes more capable of facing other people, thus gaining more friends. When reprimanded by her mother for her new looks, she was no longer afraid to answer her back, which even she was surprised to learn. She already knows what direction she wants to take and the good thing is, she already knew how to get there. It is notable that at first, a lot of people were surprised with Charlotte’s transformation but because the change was a positive one which suited Charlotte, the makeover was delightfully accepted by almost everyone but Charlotte’s mother. At first, Charlotte’s mother insisted that she should go back into her old clothes and drab image. However, since Charlotte stood her ground and never relented to her mother’s dictates – that is, after her therapy and cruise Charlotte’s mother gradually learned to accept what Charlotte liked, denoting that she earned the respect of the one person she despised the most. On the contrary, the image of Vivian as portrayed by Julia Roberts is that of a regular hooker or prostitute – flashy colors, thigh high boots, a lot of exposed flesh, heavy make-up, a wig, and chewing gum while talking. The first impression upon seeing her is that she is really part of the flesh trade because of her loud attire which is also sexy, seductive and attention-grabbing all at the same time. Vivian’s character cannot afford to be shy because she has to offer her wares to her clients, and she has to show some skin and have the ability to bargain with her clients so that she can arrive at a good price for her services. Her image is far from conservative because of this film’s setting (1990) and the nature of her occupation. With Edward’s help, Vivian later on becomes more learned as he exposes her to the more acceptable social mores of the upper classes of society. Vivian evolves to become a better character where she becomes chic, classy, refined and graceful – a change which further endears her to Edward. The modification is also well-liked by the people around her as Edward somehow manages to bring out more of Vivian’s natural beauty which further enhances her amiable character. From Edward, to the hotel manager, to the elevator boy, to the hotel staff every one of them was glad to see the way Vivian was revolutionized from a cheaply dressed hooker to a charming, elegant and respectable lady. She now wears hats, matching shoes and bags, well-coordinated outfits, matching color combinations and just sufficient make-up. She also begins to converse more politely, and in a soft and calm manner. With the outward personality of Vivian getting altered, Vivian also acquires more confidence in herself and the way she mingles with people. It is also interesting to note that Vivian readily accepted the change initiated by Edward because the manner with which he approached her on the subject was very encouraging, being very gentle and soft-spoken. Towards the end of the story, the character of Vivian also decides to give up her previous job for a more decent alternative since she feels that she has become a different person and that at this point, she cannot turn back. As regards the body parts focused on by these two films, in Now Voyager, the legs and hands of Charlotte were focused in the first part of the film when she was still being introduced into the sequence. The specific scenes showed her hands putting out a cigarette on a small platter then throwing away the butts in a garbage can, then carving on her ivory treasure boxes, and then later on, fidgeting as her condition was being relayed to the psychiatrist. Her legs and feet were also focused on in the same sequences as she went down the stairs, and then stops at the lowest step, then hesitates because she hears something unfavorable being said about her. The character of Charlotte were in some way depicted in these sequences because it brought to mind a confused and insecure character who tried to rebel by smoking cigarettes, escaping reality by carving, but is insecure and uncertain of her actions as shown by her fidgeting and unsure steps. Similarly, the body parts focused on in the film Pretty Woman in the introductory part of the film is 4 hands which look like they are playing a game. It turns out to be a magic trick using coins, and the camera is slowly panned up to the face of the woman on the right, who looks amazed at the man who performed the magic trick. The next scene showing body parts is again focused on the hands – one white hand giving a packet with some white substance, presumably drugs, to the two hands of a black man. And then, the body part of Vivian that is first shown is the back side of her hips with lace underwear, where the woman turns from her left side to her right side while lying on a bed. Next, her chest is focused as she fixes her blouse, then her arms and hands as she puts on her bangles, while she is dressing up to get ready for work. Her hands are again shown while she colors the faded parts of her boots with a black marker, then her boots and her right hand as she zips up the boot on her left leg. Her left eye is focused with her right hand holding the mascara. By the time Vivian gets to meet Edward for the first time, focus is made on her backside at the waist portion as she turns her back on Edward while standing outside the car. All these body parts scenes in one way or another sets the tone for the movie since it tackles business as represented by the coins, drugs as related to the illegal businesses on Hollywood boulevard and the subject of sex as depicted by Vivian’s sensual attire in a nocturnal red-light district setting. The partial focusing on body parts gradually introduced the main character of Vivian, in much the same way that Charlotte was initiated into the first sequences of the earlier film. Relating the aspects of characterization to each film, the width of the character of Charlotte had to be rich in order for her to be able to adopt Tina into her family and be able to cope with not having Jerry in her life. Charlotte also had to be strong like her mother to be able to manage their businesses and their household without any emotional crutch to support her or push her up. As regards the depth of her character, Charlotte has the traits of creativity as shown in the way she creates carvings on her ivory boxes. She is also a deeply emotional person, who is terribly passionate when it comes to love, although she knows how to repress it if need be. This was highly evident during the time when she knew she already felt something for Jerry, but was in self-denial because she did not want to get into a complicated situation. This, however, was changed eventually when he admitted her feelings for Jerry, and allowed her feelings for him to flow freely. Another depth of character seen in Charlotte is her compassion for children, especially for those whom she knows are undergoing situations which she had already gone through. This Charlotte presents in the way which she cared for Tina at the mental institution, and during the time she gave a party for her at her house. Regarding characterization length, as mentioned earlier, Charlotte is given the chance to reinvent herself as if she were a different individual. At first, she is hesitant to leave her comfort zone and feels insecure about the changes taking place in her life. However, as she notices the affirmative reception of people pertaining to her transformation, she is encouraged to continue with what she has set out to do. With this, she improves her personality and grows further as an individual. The film’s mise-en-scene contributed in large part to emphasizing the three aspects of characterization. The width of Charlotte’s character is shown in the clothes she wears. Charlotte’s clothes or the character’s costumes are customary of the rich people, the settings are also typical of high class social backgrounds as shown by the large house, the cruise ship, the theater and parties among others. Depth of character is illustrated by the emotions carried by Bette Davis in her character portrayal, which made the story even more realistic. Length of character is exhibited by the change in the way Charlotte carries herself – which is amply supported by the clothes and again by the acting prowess of the lead character. Some foreshadowing is used to show the influences of Charlotte’s mom on her character. Since the film is still in black and white, emphasis on the lighting was not much utilized in this type of movie. The background music was amply exploited to elicit empathy for the main character especially in highly dramatic scenes between Charlotte and her lover. Conversely, the width of Vivian’s character required for her to be poor so that she could effectively portray her desperation to earn a living. Vivian had to be street-smart yet appealing at the same time since it was her body that she had to sell. She also had to be alone or without a family, in order to develop a rationale for her character’s focus on having an income as a hooker because she had no other choice and not because she liked the job. Likewise, Vivian’s depth of character is effectively portrayed as one who can easily psyche up people. In a brief encounter with Edward’s ‘friends’, Vivian gets to assess the type of people Edward socializes with and comes out with the conclusion that Edward needed to have her in his life because they (his friends) were shallow. â€Å"No wonder you came looking for me,† Vivian deduces of the situation. Much like Charlotte, Vivian also had a lot of passion inside her for her love interest although much of it was also repressed at first. Later on, she manifests this and makes this known to Edward, but still she knew how to temper her emotions since she recognized from the start that she and Edward were really poles apart. And then with regards to character length, the journey taken by Vivian is her adaptation to the ways of the elite, as prescribed by her love interest in the film. Vivian initially decides to take this on as part of her work, but later on she imbibes the more wholesome character which she assumes, and eventually gives up on the old character that she was. Vivian grows as a person because she welcomes the change and becomes a renewed person since as the film ends, she decides to leave behind her previous profession and start making a new path for herself. The mise-en-scene in Pretty Woman was likewise extensively manipulated in the film. The change in the character is immediately apparent as Vivian becomes accustomed to her new surroundings and much of the plot deals with how she gradually blends in to what is acceptable to that social group. The disparity in the setting of Hollywood boulevard compared to the areas where Edward frequents is accentuated to point out the gap between the two characters – Vivian the hooker and Edward the rich billionaire. Much of the character’s depth and length is carried by Julia Roberts who gives an excellent portrayal in this film. The lighting was good, there were no extremely dim or very bright scenes. It is interesting to note that most of the dim scenes were only found in the initial part when Vivian was still a hooker, and during the time she was still part of Hollywood boulevard. Later on, the dim scenes were mostly the love scenes between Edward and Vivian. The background music was also appropriate with the sentimental scenes having soft soothing and sentimental tunes, while those wherein Vivian made some achievements had more spirited and lively songs. In terms of aesthetics, the two films can be labeled as reflective of the image of the woman in the specified period when the films were made. Women in general had to dress up more conservatively in the olden times and a liberated stance was only introduced later on. As regards film artistry, Now Voyager! has a deeper and more disturbing plot because it deals with issues like family relationships, possible mental illness and forbidden love among others. On the other hand, Pretty Woman’s plot is simpler but is more engaging because it capitalizes on the elements of love and sex which was not much emphasized in the earlier film. Perhaps this is due to the highly conservative values predominant during the earlier times, hence, the most tender love scenes which could be shown between the main characters in the earlier film was limited to kissing. In comparing the two films, women are given more freedom of choice in the later film, unlike the earlier one when parents had the right to dictate the direction of their children’s lives. In both films, the theme of love still tugs at the heart and is timeless. Viewers in the present can identify with the main character in one way or another especially when it comes to the context of love and the relationship between two people. As a whole, the two films illustrate how the character of the woman has evolved from the conservative one of yesteryears to the smarter and more liberated woman that she is now. Still, the one thing that is universal and eternally holds true is the theme of love and the woman who has the boundless capability to wield this passion. References Wallis, H. B. Rapper, I. 1942. Now Voyager. United States: Warren Bros. Ziskin, L. Marshall, G. 1990. Pretty Woman. United States: Touchstone Pictures.

Preparation for Sunday Service

Preparation for Sunday Service Component 1: Written Assignment (1,500 words) List principal structural elements (the Ordo) of a main Sunday service such as you normally attend, stating briefly how you understand each element (or grouping of elements) contributes to the worship as a whole.   Indicate, with self-awareness, how you would yourself want to approach leading such a service. Introduction: Context The service that will be discussed for this assignment was an 8.30am Eucharist Service using Order One from the Common Worship (CW) book and Eucharist Prayer E.   On this particular Sunday, there were 21 members in the congregation including the Priest.   There was a robed choir (4 members) and hymns were sung from Complete Anglican Hymns Old and New accompanied by an organ.   The whole congregation sat in the choir stalls in the Chancel.   Each member of the congregation followed the service in the CW book. This church is situated in a village approximately 12 miles from Cambridge city centre with a population of 1,015.[1]   56% of this population would refer to themselves a Christians.   The largest age demographic in the parish is 16-65 years old.[2] Service Structure The structure of the service followed the liturgy as prescribed in CW with the particular collects and prayers for the third Sunday of Lent. 2.1 The Gathering The second greeting prayer A hymn was sung The prayer of preparation A seasonal invitation to confession Second confessional prayer Absolution Collect for the third Sunday of Lent 2.2 The Liturgy of the Word Old Testament passage read by the Church Warden New Testament passage read by a member of the congregation Hymn Congregation remain standing after the hymn for the Gospel Reading read by a member of the congregation Sermon The Creed congregation stand and face the alter Wedding Banns read by the Priest Prayers of intercession led by a member of the congregation 2.3 Liturgy of the Sacrament The Peace was shared with those around Hymn was sung during the preparation of the table.   The collection was also taken at this point. Eucharist prayer E was then used with the extended preface From Ash Wednesday until the Saturday after the Fourth Sunday of Lent The whole of this prayer was said with people joining in the dialogue, Sanctus and Benedictus without needing to refer to the book. The Lords Prayer traditional version Breaking of the bread The first prayer before the distribution said Congregation go to the alter rail to receive communion hosts and one chalice of wine The second prayer after communion said 2.4 The Dismissal A hymn was sung Blessing for the third Sunday of Lent The dismissal Contribution to Worship The Gathering The Gathering to worship are important as they draw the congregation and president into relationship to a point to participate in the act of worshipping God.[3] The Prayers of Penitence came within the gathering I personally prefer it to come in this section as you are able to come and ask for forgiveness and worship God knowing that you are forgiven and then celebrating Gods goodness of forgiveness and grace.   In this service, there could be an argument that the Prayers of Penitence could come after the Bible readings and sermon.   The lectionary reading was about the woman at the well and if your sermon was a focus on forgiveness then the Prayers of Penitence could act as a response to the message received. The collect is a prayer that links with the Sunday and not with the scripture readings.   This can add to the worship in a way that allows the congregation to focus on the season which God is currently working through.   It should also be a way of getting the congregation to contemplate how the season affects their spirituality.   With the collects, main aim to gather all of the prayers in the Gathering section into one and drawing ourselves closer to God and one another.[4] The Liturgy of the Word The next two sections of the worship service, the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Sacrament, need to be balance carefully because they both hold significant value of equal weighting. A key element of this section of the worship service is hearing the Word of God through scripture.   My personal view is that we need to remember that worship is a two-way communication us with God but also God with us.   By following the lectionary we get a journey through scripture.   The sermon element of the Liturgy of the Word can take many different forms but ultimately should be an opportunity for the congregation to engage with Scripture as an individual and allow God to speak into their lives through it.[5] The creed and prayers of intercession are an opportunity for the congregation to respond to the Word of God through prayer.   The act of worship in the time of prayer is an opportunity to give thanks and praise to God for what we have heard but also should be an opportunity to allow the Word to speak into the needs of the community by lifting them before God.[6] The Liturgy of the Sacrament In the Liturgy of the Word Christ is heard; where as in the Liturgy of the Sacrament the elements are not only seen and touched but smelt and tasted.[7]   This act of worship is multisensory and can allow the congregant to worship God through more than just sight and sound. Prayer E is a simple narrative style which is like that of Prayer D.   The images used in the prayer are more vivid and concrete than those used in other prayers.   This set of prayers also allows for extended prefaces for the various seasons.   The language used through the institution narrative and the extended prefaces allows for worship to take on a visual element using imagination. The worship of receiving the bread and wine should encourage the congregant that through the Holy Spirits power there is a strengthening.[8] The Dismissal The blessing and the dismissal at the end of the service concludes the act of worship but should encourage the congregation to continue to worship God when leaving the church building.   By the Priest saying Go in peaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is about the act of carrying the presence of God out of church and into the world.   In the same way that we have been reconciled with God through our act of worship in church we should be helping the world to reconcile with God and with each other through living in peace with one another.[9] Reflections The flow of the service was good and allowed people to engage with the various elements.   The church was warm and welcoming which does allow people to feel comfortable within the act of worship. The questions that I was left with about the service were: Does the congregation understand what it meant for the Third Sunday of Lent and how this structured the worship?   And in turn how did this help, or not help, them to worship? How much of the liturgy is just read but without a conscience response?   How do we engage our congregations to be active worshipers and not passively getting through to the end? I thought that the intercessory prayers, which were led by a member of the congregation, were very well structured.   They linked the Bible passage of the woman at the well, the sermon, and the needs of the community and world together.   They were led in a way that felt very much that they were being prayed with the congregation instead of just being prayed to the congregation who are merely observers in the act of prayer.   I asked the Vicar if there had been any training on the writing and delivery of the prayers for those who do them he said that there had been a short teaching session one evening on writing the prayers. Conclusion: How would I lead? Overall I felt that the service was well structured with a good mix of lay participation which I feel is an important aspect to worship as it allows all the congregation to participate and does not segregate the Priest making a them and us feel to the community. The significant adaptation I would make to the service would be the use of silence.   I felt that there was not enough time to reflect upon the various elements of worship before moving onto the next part.   The specific areas that I would include longer elements of silence would be: After each of the Bible readings.   The first two readings went one straight after the other but it would have been good to have encouraged people to spend a minute contemplating the reading. After the sermon.   For a similar reason for keeping silence after the Bible readings.   Having time to reflect on what the sermon was about and how you might want to act upon it in the week ahead. After the congregation have received communion.   The organist played an appropriate piece of music while people were receiving and allowed people time to reflect during this time.   I felt that once the music had finished and before the post communion prayer a time of silence would have been beneficial. Word count: 1537 Bibliography Beach, Mark, Holy Communion (London: Church House Pub., 2000) Census Maps | Cambridgeshire Insight, Cambridgeshireinsight.Org.Uk, 2017 [accessed 19 March 2017] Common Worship, 1st edn (London: Church House Pub., 2000) Complete Anglican Hymns Old New (Stowmarket, Suffolk: Kevin Mayhew, 2000) Davison, Andrew, Why Sacraments?, 1st edn (London: SPCK, 2013) De Lange, Anna, How To Engage With Scripture (Cambridge, U.K.: Grove Books, 2011) Go In Peace To Love And Serve The Lord Meaning, Lords-Prayer-Words.Com, 2017 [accessed 20 March 2017] Parish Spotlight, 2017 [accessed 19 March 2017] [1] Census Maps | Cambridgeshire Insight, Cambridgeshireinsight.Org.Uk, 2017 [2] Parish Spotlight, 2017 [3] Mark Beach, Holy Communion, p.36 [4] Mark Beach, Holy Communion, p.41 [5] Anna De Lange, How To Engage With Scripture, p.5 [6] Mark Beach, Holy Communion, p.55 [7] Andrew Davison, Why Sacraments?, p.45 [8] Andrew Davidson, Why Sacraments?, p.44 [9] Go In Peace To Love And Serve The Lord Meaning, 2017

Use of Weather in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Use of Weather in Jane Eyre    In the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, good weather is Bronte’s tool to foreshadow positive events or moods and poor weather is her tool for setting the tone for negative events or moods.   This technique is exercised throughout the entire novel, alerting the readers of the upcoming atmosphere. In the novel, Jane’s mood is, to a degree, determined by the weather mentioned. For example, after Jane was publicly and falsely accused of being a liar by Mr. Brocklehurst, an upcoming positive event was predicted when Jane described her surroundings, â€Å"Some heavy clouds swept from the sky by a rising wind, had left the moon bare; and her light streaming in through a window near, shone full both on us and on the approaching figure, which we at once recognize as Miss Temple† (62).   Surely enough, Miss Temple invited the two girls to her room and treated them with cake and tea, which brought Jane comfort from the public humiliation.   â€Å"We feasted that evening as on our nectar and ambrosia; and not the least delight of the entertainment was the smile of gratification of our hostess regarded us, as we satisfied our famished appetites on the delicate fare she liberally supplied† (65).   Another example of this is Jane’s first morning at Thornfi eld.   A positive mood was foreshadowed when Jane described the weather as such: â€Å"The chamber looked such a bright little place to me as the sun shone in between the gay blue chintz window and carpeted floor, so unlike the bare planks and strained plaster of Lowood, that my spirit rose at the view† (90). This not only foreshadowed the positive mood of Jane, but also the experience she would have in the near future living in Thornfield.   She would soon discover her husband to be Mr. Rochester and appreciate her companies such as Mrs. Fairfax and Adele, who for the first time in her life treat her as an equal.   All positive weather described in the novel foreshadowed either a positive mood or event, sometimes both.   Bronte was consistent with this use of the weather. On the other hand, poor weather in the novel was used to foreshadow negative events or moods.   In the opening of the novel, when Jane was living in Gateshead, she was reading while an unpleasant visit of John Reed was foreshadowed:   â€Å"After it offered a pale blank of mist and cloud: hear, a scene of wet lawn and storm-beat shrub† (2).

Mixed Handedness In Schizophrenia Health And Social Care Essay

In the present survey I conducted a meta-analytical reappraisal of the literature of an association between laterality and schizophrenic disorder in an effort to ; ( 1 ) clear up the strength of the grounds for the prevalence of assorted laterality in schizophrenic disorder, ( 2 ) measure the effects of two of the chief manus penchant appraisals in the prevalence of mixed-handedness in schizophrenic disorder patients. The premise is that the methodological difference between specifying laterality within a class ( such as the Edinburgh Inventory ) or by grades ( as does the Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire ) will impact on the prevalence of assorted laterality observed. Background Schizophrenia is a disease characterized by profound break in knowledge and emotion, impacting the most cardinal human properties: linguistic communication, thought, perceptual experience, affect, and sense of ego ( American Psychiatric Association [ DSM-IV-TR ] , 2000 ) . Even though the neuropathology of schizophrenic disorder remains vague, there have been several hypotheses proposed for the aetiology of the disease, one of which is unnatural intellectual anatomical lateralization ensuing from pre-natal neurological abuse ( Cannon et al. , 1995 ) . In fact, a break in the dissymmetry of the human encephalon is considered a cardinal characteristic in many psychiatric conditions ( Francks et al. , 2007 ) . One feature which is considered to associate to differences in encephalon construction is lateralised behavior, for illustration manus penchant ( White, Lucas, Richards & A ; Purves, 1994 ) . In schizophrenic disorder, the unnatural development of intellectual lateralization is co nsidered to ensue in a displacement off from manual laterality ( Cannon et al, 1995 ) . Indeed, one of the chief markers of schizophrenic disorder is the prevalence of untypical laterality in schizophrenics compared with the healthy population. In add-on to this, it has been suggested that the way of sidelong dissymmetry in schizophrenic disorder has been associated with the chronicity of the upset, Cannon et Al ( 1995 ) reported a strong association between chronicity and assorted laterality in schizophrenic disorder. Although there have been several surveies purporting to demo the association of laterality in schizophrenic disorder, consequences have been conflicting sing the strength and way of untypical laterality in schizophrenic disorder with some surveies describing an addition in left-handednesss ( Gur, 1977 ; Manoach et al. , 1988 ) and others describing an addition in mixed-handedness ( Cannon et al, 1995, Dane et Al, 2009 ) . This raises the inquiry of whether a differentiation between assorted laterality can be made at all. Method Study choice Included were surveies that reported a tripartite categorization of manus penchants ( right, left and assorted laterality ) for both grownup ( aged 18 or over ) schizophrenic disorder patients and healthy controls. Surveies were included which had assessed manus penchants utilizing the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory ( EHI ; Oldfield, 1971 ) or the Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire ( AHPQ ; Annett, 1970 ) . Datas from non-clinical samples were excluded. Schizophrenia diagnosings should be made utilizing Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, DSM-IIIR and DSM-IV. All other surveies utilizing different diagnostic standards were excluded. In add-on, merely surveies utilizing grownup ( aged 18 or over ) as schizophrenic disorder typically presents itself in early grownup life, and may show itself really otherwise in childhood. The result step was the frequence of a given manus penchant ( right, assorted or left ) grouped by population group ( schizophrenia patients, healthy controls ) . Search Procedure Searchs were performed in two databases: Web of Knowledge and Psychinfo. These databases were searched up to September 2010. The hunt footings used were ; ‘schizophrenia ‘ , ‘handedness ‘ , ‘lateralisation ‘ . Surveies were besides attained by analyzing the mention lists of two reappraisal articles ( Somers, Sommer, Boks, & A ; Kahn, 2009 ; Dragovic & A ; Hammond, 2005 ) . Lone diaries in English were searched. Abstractions of surveies were so examined by one writer with mention to the exclusion and inclusion standards. The programmer was familiar with the literature being reviewed. Data extraction For each survey the following informations were extracted: Writer ( s ) and twelvemonth of publication ; methods: participants and control sample used, where they were recruited from, the diagnostic standards used, the laterality appraisal used, age of oncoming and chronicity of the patients ; whether the consequences from the surveies were important and extra notes. Data Analysiss Calculations were based on the frequence informations described in the primary studies. To gauge the prevalence of assorted laterality within schizophrenia patients we calculated single odds ratios for each survey to analyze consequence sizes. Overall odds ratios were calculated by uniting the single surveies ‘ frequence informations within each subtype ( right, assorted and left laterality ) and subgroup ( schizophrenia patients and wellness controls ) . The cogency of ciphering an overall odds ratio is questionable as the consequence can frequently be misdirecting, however it was chosen because it provides an approximative computation of overall consequence sizes for assorted laterality. An estimation of the significance degree for each survey was used by ciphering the z-scores for each odds ratio in order to happen the alpha value. Consequences Features of included surveies Ninety-five diary articles were identified by the hunt scheme, of which 5 surveies conducted between 1995 and 2008 met all standards for inclusion. Three of the surveies used in the analyses used the EHI ( Cannon et al. , 1995 ; Dane et al. , 2009 ; Reilly et al. , 2001 ) , and two surveies used the AHPQ ( DeLisi et al. , 2002 ; Malesu et al. , 1996 ) for laterality appraisals. In relation to the different laterality appraisal methods used, the surveies differed markedly in the standards they used to specify the three different categorizations of laterality ( right, assorted and left ) . Within the model of the EHI, two surveies defined right-handedness as ‘+100 ‘ , left- as ‘-100 ‘ and mixed- , every bit assorted as everything between these two extremes ( Cannon et al, 1995 and Reilly et al. , 2001 ) while the other defined mixed-handedness as values between -75 and +75. Within the model of the AHPQ, one survey used a wide definition of assorted laterality as between 2 and 7 ( Malesu et al, 1996 ) while the other used a somewhat narrower definition for assorted laterality as between 3 and 6 ) . Oddss ratios for assorted laterality Table 1 displays the single odds ratios ( OR ) for assorted laterality compared with the lateralised group ( right and left handers combined ) in schizophrenic disorder patients compared with controls. The single odds ratios ranged from 1.21 to 4.59. The overall odds ratio was based on 5 surveies with a sum of 749 schizophrenic disorder patients and 572 control topics and indicates that schizophrenic disorder patients were about 1.5 times more likely to be mixed-handed than healthy controls ( OR = 1.64 ; 95 % CI = 1.22-2.20 ) . As shown in Table 1, three of the five surveies ( Cannon et al, 1995 ; Dane et Al, 2009, and DeLisi et al. , 2002 ) found stronger odds ratios for the prevalence of assorted laterality in schizophrenic disorder patients compared with controls.Need to add estimation of significance degree for each surveyTable 1 Odds ratios for prevalence of assorted laterality in schizophrenic disorder patients compared with controls.AAAAAAAAAAAASchizophrenia PatientsAControlsA AASurvey N Assorted LateralisedAN Assorted LateralisedAOddss Ratios 1995 Cannon et Al. 93 35 58A43 5 38A4.59 2009 Dane et Al. 88 33 55A118 23 95A2.48 2002 DeLisi et Al. 418 43 375A288 25 263A1.21 2001 Reilly 30 11 19A37 6 31A2.99 1996 Malesu et Al. 120 36 84A86 21 65A1.33AEntire 749 158 591A572 80 492A1.64 Oddss ratio for EHI and Annett laterality appraisals To look into the hypothesis that the stronger prevalence of assorted laterality in schizophrenic disorder patients is attributed to the type of laterality appraisal used we calculated an overall odds ratio for the prevalence of mixed-handedness in surveies utilizing the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory compared with the Annett questionnaire ( see Table 2 ) . As shown in Table 2, patients assessed for laterality utilizing the EHI were about 3.5 times more likely to be categorised as assorted handed every bit opposed to lateralised. We converted this odds ratio into a pearson correlativity coefficient and found a reasonably positive correlativity between the type of appraisal used and the prevalence of assorted laterality in schizophrenic disorder patients ( r =0.4573 ) Table 2 Overall odds ratio for prevalence of assorted laterality in schizophrenic disorder patients when assessed with the EHI compared with the APHQ.AAAAMixed vs. lateralised OR 95 % CI Handedness Assessment EHI ( N ) 79 vs. 132 Annett ( N ) 79 vs. 460 3.4848 2.4142 – 5.0301AAAADiscussion One of the chief findings in the present meta-analyses on laterality from five selected surveies is that schizophrenic disorder patients are significantly more likely to be mixed-handed than normal controls, a determination which is paradoxically compatible with one major reappraisal of the literature ( Somers et al. , 2009 ) and incompatible with an averment from another major reappraisal ( Dragovic & A ; Hammond, 2005 ) . We found grounds of a positive moderate correlativity between the types of manus penchant appraisal used ( EHI or AHPQ ) and the prevalence of assorted laterality reported in schizophrenic disorder patients. One possible account for this association is the differences in the scope of parametric quantities used to specify assorted laterality within the EHI and AHPQ. Furthermore, the EHI and AHPQ use two different methods to measure laterality ; one uses discrete ( EHI ) values and the other ( AHPQ ) uses uninterrupted appraisals. For illustration within the EHI, di fferent scopes were used to sort assorted laterality ; some surveies used between -75 and +75 to exemplify assorted laterality whilst others have used a broader step to measure assorted laterality ( between the two extremes of -100 and +100 ) . Studies which used the EHI to analyze the rate of mixed-handedness in schizophrenic disorder patients were about 3.5 times more likely to sort patients as assorted handed. This in portion is due to the wider definitions of assorted laterality used with the model of the EHI questionnaire, what remains unchallenged is the rates of non-right laterality. The inquiries raised by this is whether it is right to specify an intermediate parametric quantity for assorted laterality given that manual laterality can merely be a displacement towards Thursday. If we are to find a leftward displacement towards sole left laterality or an intermediate categorization of assorted laterality so the manner we assess this should be planetary for all surveies. At pr esent, the surveies are n't truly comparable within themselves because of this mutual exclusiveness between which definitions of assorted laterality have been used and which appraisal questionnaire is to be used. Restrictions A major restriction to this survey was the modest sum of surveies used. This issue may be related to the pick of choice standards we devised. We chose to measure surveies which reported laterality in three-ways ( right, assorted and left handed ) . Although this enabled usage to describe the single per centums of the different types of laterality for each survey, it narrowed the surveies we were able to include. Besides it is of import to turn to the issue of our utilizing merely published surveies for this meta-analysis which may belie the true nature of any association between schizophrenic disorder and laterality as negative findings tend to be under-reported. Decision